Penerapan Modul Terapi Nonfarmakologis Kombinasi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Self-Management Hipertensi Lansia

Abstract

Abstrak

Hipertensi pada lansia di Posyandu Lansia Barokah, Desa Donohudan, Kabupaten Boyolali, masih menunjukkan pengendalian tekanan darah yang belum optimal. Observasi awal dan diskusi dengan kader menunjukkan bahwa lansia masih bergantung pada terapi farmakologis serta belum memiliki keterampilan praktik terapi nonfarmakologis secara mandiri. Selain itu, belum tersedia media edukasi terstruktur sebagai panduan praktik di rumah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan modul terapi kombinasi rendam kaki air hangat dan relaksasi napas dalam untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan self-management hipertensi lansia. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama dua minggu dengan melibatkan 30 lansia hipertensi, didukung lima kader kesehatan dan mahasiswa pendamping. Metode meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan edukasi dan pelatihan berbasis modul, praktik terapi, serta evaluasi pre–post melalui tes pengetahuan, observasi keterampilan, pengukuran tekanan darah, dan kuesioner kepuasan. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan skor pengetahuan dari rata-rata 4 menjadi 9. Sebanyak 90% peserta mampu melakukan terapi secara mandiri. Rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik menurun dari 175 mmHg menjadi 135 mmHg dan diastolik dari 100 mmHg menjadi 80 mmHg. Implementasi modul ini berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kapasitas self-management hipertensi lansia di tingkat komunitas.

Kata kunci: hipertensi; lansia; modul; terapi non-farmakologis; self-management.

Abstract

Hypertension among older adults at Posyandu Lansia Barokah, Donohudan Village, Boyolali Regency, remains inadequately controlled. Preliminary observations and discussions with community health cadres revealed that most older adults relied primarily on pharmacological therapy and lacked the practical skills to independently perform non-pharmacological interventions. In addition, no structured educational media were available to guide home-based practice. This community service program aimed to implement a combined therapy module consisting of warm water foot soak therapy and deep breathing relaxation to improve knowledge, practical skills, and hypertension self-management among older adults. The program was conducted over two weeks and involved 30 older adults with hypertension, supported by five community health cadres and student facilitators. The implementation included preparation, module-based education and training, supervised therapy practice, and pre–post evaluation using knowledge tests, skill observation checklists, blood pressure measurements, and participant satisfaction questionnaires. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 4 to 9. Approximately 90% of participants were able to perform the therapy independently. The average systolic blood pressure decreased from 175 mmHg to 135 mmHg and diastolic pressure from 100 mmHg to 80 mmHg. The module contributed positively to strengthening hypertension self-management capacity at the community level.

Keywords: Hypertension; older adults; module; non-pharmacological therapy; self-management.